Harvesting Practices Reveal Hidden Damage in Sal Forests

A research team found that tree felling and timber extraction produce different damage patterns in Sal (Shorea robusta)-dominated forests. Extraction caused the greatest share of seedling damage, while felling more often harmed residual trees. Seedlings were commonly bent, whereas standing trees sustained crown or lower-stem injuries. Although most damage was mild, routine harvesting may still weaken regeneration and future forest development. The findings can inform reduced-impact logging, operator training, extraction-route planning, and ecological monitoring, helping managers meet timber needs while protecting the long-term productivity and resilience of Sal forest ecosystems.