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Hong Kong Government — 新聞公報·HK·

多國因疫苗接種率低爆發麻疹疫情 衞生署提醒市民採取適當預防措施

鑑於近期全球多個地區因疫苗接種率偏低而持續出現麻疹疫情,衞生署衞生防護中心(中心)今日(十一月三日)提醒計劃外遊的市民,在出發前瀏覽衞生署 旅遊健康服務網站 ,了解目的地是否錄得麻疹高發病率或正爆發疫情,以採取適當的預防措施,包括確保已完成接種兩劑麻疹疫苗,並時刻注意個人及環境衞生。身處受影響國家的留學生亦應檢視自己的接種紀錄,如不確定是否完成接種兩劑麻疹疫苗,應盡快安排接種,以防止受感染。由於外國寒假將至,不少留學生將返港,中心呼籲市民提高警覺,如有不適,應立即求醫,求診前應預先知會醫護人員有關的病徵及旅遊史,以便醫療機構安排適當的感染控制措施,防止出現社區傳播。學校亦應提高警覺,減低傳染病在校內傳播的風險。 麻疹是全球多個地方的風土病,美國今年已錄得超過4 800宗麻疹個案,超過去年全年總數的兩倍,情況未受控制,當中賓夕法尼亞州和紐約州更出現麻疹相關死亡個案,所有死亡個案均未接種麻疹疫苗。亞洲方面,印度尼西亞、孟加拉國、老撾和菲律賓亦因疫苗覆蓋率偏低而出現麻疹爆發。 中心總監徐樂堅醫生說:「海外大部分麻疹個案未曾接種麻疹疫苗或疫苗接種史不詳,反映了維持整體高疫苗接種率及群體免疫力的重要性。在香港兒童免疫接種計劃下,透過衞生署轄下的母嬰健康院及學童免疫注射小組提供的免疫接種服務,本港整體免疫接種覆蓋率一直維持在非常高水平,令香港得以在全球多處爆發麻疹疫情下,至今仍成功保持消除麻疹的狀態。根據小學學童的免疫接種覆蓋率及衞生署定期進行全港免疫接種覆蓋調查顯示,兩劑麻疹疫苗接種的整體覆蓋率一直維持在95%以上,而本地麻疹病毒抗體的血清陽性率反映絕大部分香港市民對麻疹已有免疫力。整體而言,目前本地出現大規模麻疹爆發的風險相對偏低。雖然如此,香港作為國際旅遊頻繁的城市,仍面對輸入麻疹病毒的威脅。本地少數未完成接種麻疹疫苗的人士(例如非本地出生人士,包括新移民、外傭、海外僱員及來港升學人士)有機會受到感染,繼而把麻疹傳播給其他未具備麻疹免疫力人士,例如一歲以下尚未接種第一劑麻疹疫苗的幼兒。」 香港今年暫時錄得九宗麻疹個案,六宗為外地輸入個案或與其有流行病學關連之個案,三宗為本地個案。外地輸入個案中,病人在潛伏期到過印度尼西亞、巴基斯坦和越南。 在一九六七年前出生的市民,由於當時麻疹在全球多個地方及香港仍屬風土病,故可視為透過自然感染而對麻疹具備免疫力。於一九六七年或以後出生而尚未完成接種兩劑麻疹疫苗或對麻疹疫苗接種史不詳的人士,應盡快諮詢家庭醫生以完成接種。計劃前往麻疹流行地區的市民,若以往未經化驗確診感染麻疹,以及從未或不確定曾否接種兩劑麻疹疫苗,應在出發前最少兩星期諮詢醫生接種疫苗。而對麻疹沒有免疫力的懷孕婦女、計劃懷孕婦女,及仍未適齡在香港兒童免疫接種計劃下接種麻疹、流行性腮腺炎及德國麻疹混合疫苗的未滿一歲的兒童,則不應前往出現麻疹爆發的地區。 麻疹的潛伏期(即

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